Balwant Singh: Difference between revisions
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https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/tareekh-e-banaaras-volume-number-001-syed-mazhar-hasan-ebookshttps://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/tareekh-e-banaaras-volume-number-001-syed-mazhar-hasan-ebooks</ref> | https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/tareekh-e-banaaras-volume-number-001-syed-mazhar-hasan-ebookshttps://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/tareekh-e-banaaras-volume-number-001-syed-mazhar-hasan-ebooks</ref> | ||
Following this settlement, Balwant Singh concentrated on consolidating his authority. Taking advantage of the continued difficulties faced by his suzerain between 1752 and 1754, he strengthened his position further by transferring his capital from Gangapore to Ramnagar on the southern bank of the Ganges, where he constructed a substantial stone fort.<ref>Tuhfa-i-taza by Fakir Khairuddin Muhammad Ilahabadi, p. 31</ref> He also began planning the incorporation of the fertile belt surrounding Benares, bounded by the Ganges in the north, the Karamnasa River in the east, the Son River and the Kaimur Hills in the south, thereby laying the territorial foundations of the Benares Raj.<ref>Shuja Ud Daulah Vol I by Srivastava, Ashirbadi Lal, p. | Following this settlement, Balwant Singh concentrated on consolidating his authority. Taking advantage of the continued difficulties faced by his suzerain between 1752 and 1754, he strengthened his position further by transferring his capital from Gangapore to Ramnagar on the southern bank of the Ganges, where he constructed a substantial stone fort.<ref>Tuhfa-i-taza by Fakir Khairuddin Muhammad Ilahabadi, p. 31</ref> He also began planning the incorporation of the fertile belt surrounding Benares, bounded by the Ganges in the north, the Karamnasa River in the east, the Son River and the Kaimur Hills in the south, thereby laying the territorial foundations of the Benares Raj.<ref>Shuja Ud Daulah Vol I by Srivastava, Ashirbadi Lal, p. 27 | ||
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.85274</ref> | https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.85274</ref> | ||
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https://archive.org/details/benaresandtheenglisheastindiacompany17641795suprakashsanyal_202003_724_x</ref><ref>Tuhfa-i-taza by Fakir Khairuddin Muhammad Ilahabadi, p. 33</ref><ref>Chandels were the native rulers of Bijaigarh | https://archive.org/details/benaresandtheenglisheastindiacompany17641795suprakashsanyal_202003_724_x</ref><ref>Tuhfa-i-taza by Fakir Khairuddin Muhammad Ilahabadi, p. 33</ref><ref>Chandels were the native rulers of Bijaigarh | ||
https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Native_Chiefs_and_Their_States_in_18/4uoHAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=chandel+rajput+bijaigarh&pg=PA15&printsec=frontcover</ref> Early in 1754, Balwant Singh captured the neighbouring fort of Agore, controlled by Chandel Rajput kinsmen of Vijay Singh, on the banks of the Son River,<ref>Tuhfa-i-taza by Fakir Khairuddin Muhammad Ilahabadi, p. 34</ref><ref>Tareekh-e-Banaaras Volume Number-001 by Syed Mazhar Hasan, p. 133 | https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Native_Chiefs_and_Their_States_in_18/4uoHAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=chandel+rajput+bijaigarh&pg=PA15&printsec=frontcover</ref><ref name=":11">[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.85274/page/32/mode/2up] p. 29</ref> Early in 1754, Balwant Singh captured the neighbouring fort of Agore, controlled by Chandel Rajput kinsmen of Vijay Singh, on the banks of the Son River,<ref>Tuhfa-i-taza by Fakir Khairuddin Muhammad Ilahabadi, p. 34</ref><ref>Tareekh-e-Banaaras Volume Number-001 by Syed Mazhar Hasan, p. 133 | ||
https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/tareekh-e-banaaras-volume-number-001-syed-mazhar-hasan-ebookshttps://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/tareekh-e-banaaras-volume-number-001-syed-mazhar-hasan-ebooks</ref><ref>Agore Barhar zamindari of Chandel Rajputs | https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/tareekh-e-banaaras-volume-number-001-syed-mazhar-hasan-ebookshttps://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/tareekh-e-banaaras-volume-number-001-syed-mazhar-hasan-ebooks</ref><ref>Agore Barhar zamindari of Chandel Rajputs | ||
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These military successes alarmed Nawab Safdar Jang, who marched to Benares in February 1754 to suppress the increasingly independent Raja. Balwant Singh avoided direct confrontation by crossing the Ganges and taking refuge at Chandrauti, east of Benares. Before decisive action could be taken, however, Safdar Jang was compelled by political developments elsewhere to abandon the campaign, allowing Balwant Singh to retain his gains.<ref>Shuja Ud Daulah Vol I by Srivastava, Ashirbadi Lal, p. 26-27 | These military successes alarmed Nawab Safdar Jang, who marched to Benares in February 1754 to suppress the increasingly independent Raja. Balwant Singh avoided direct confrontation by crossing the Ganges and taking refuge at Chandrauti, east of Benares. Before decisive action could be taken, however, Safdar Jang was compelled by political developments elsewhere to abandon the campaign, allowing Balwant Singh to retain his gains.<ref>Shuja Ud Daulah Vol I by Srivastava, Ashirbadi Lal, p. 26-27 | ||
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.85274</ref><ref>''Tarikh-i-Ahmad Shahi'' by Fakir Khairuddin</ref> | https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.85274</ref><ref>''Tarikh-i-Ahmad Shahi'' by Fakir Khairuddin</ref><ref name=":11" /> | ||
Balwant Singh subsequently consolidated his eastern frontier. In 1754 he intervened in a dispute between his uncle Dasa Ram and Daim Khan, a Gaharwar Rajput convert zamindar of Keyra Mangror in Shahabad Sarkar, eventually bringing the estate under his authority.<ref>Memoir Of The Ghazeepoor District Pt.1 by Wilton Oldham | Balwant Singh subsequently consolidated his eastern frontier. In 1754 he intervened in a dispute between his uncle Dasa Ram and Daim Khan, a Gaharwar Rajput convert zamindar of Keyra Mangror in Shahabad Sarkar, eventually bringing the estate under his authority.<ref>Memoir Of The Ghazeepoor District Pt.1 by Wilton Oldham | ||
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https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.53598/page/n93/mode/2up</ref> <ref name=":6">The Bulwuntnamah: Translated from the Tuhfa-i-taza by Khayr al-Dīn Muḥammad Ilāhābādi, p. 139-157 | https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.53598/page/n93/mode/2up</ref> <ref name=":6">The Bulwuntnamah: Translated from the Tuhfa-i-taza by Khayr al-Dīn Muḥammad Ilāhābādi, p. 139-157 | ||
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pGAIAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>reducing the autonomy of many lesser zamindars by placing their estates under the supervision of his own officials.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":5" /> He then moved against Himmat Bahadur, a Naga Goswami the zamindar of Garwara and a veteran of the '''Battle of Panipat III''',<ref>The 'naked' warrior who helped British capture India | https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pGAIAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>reducing the autonomy of many lesser zamindars by placing their estates under the supervision of his own officials.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":5" /> He then moved against Himmat Bahadur, a Naga Goswami Brahmin the zamindar of Garwara and a veteran of the '''Battle of Panipat III''',<ref>The 'naked' warrior who helped British capture India | ||
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65785171</ref><ref>Benares and the English East India Company, by Suprakash Sanyal | https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65785171</ref><ref>Benares and the English East India Company, by Suprakash Sanyal | ||
https://ia601402.us.archive.org/13/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.98263/2015.98263.Benares-And-The-English-East-India-Company1764-1795_djvu.txt</ref><ref>Warrior Ascetics and Indian Empires - by William R. Pinch<nowiki/>https://assets.cambridge.org/052185/1688/excerpt/0521851688_excerpt.htm</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O2GxAZicXao</ref> and Shaikh Kabul Muhammad of Machhlishahr, both of whom had earlier supported Sahib Zaman Khan during the Afghan occupation. Using the expulsion of one of Himmat Bahadur's retainers as a pretext, Balwant Singh launched a campaign against Garwara. | https://ia601402.us.archive.org/13/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.98263/2015.98263.Benares-And-The-English-East-India-Company1764-1795_djvu.txt</ref><ref>Warrior Ascetics and Indian Empires - by William R. Pinch<nowiki/>https://assets.cambridge.org/052185/1688/excerpt/0521851688_excerpt.htm</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O2GxAZicXao</ref> and Shaikh Kabul Muhammad of Machhlishahr, both of whom had earlier supported Sahib Zaman Khan during the Afghan occupation. Using the expulsion of one of Himmat Bahadur's retainers as a pretext, Balwant Singh launched a campaign against Garwara. Himmat Bahadur brutally defeated and fled, leaving the fort to Balwant Singh's possession, the resistance continued under his son Sukhnandan Singh until Balwant Singh pacified the region by granting Garwara to Budh Singh at an annual revenue assessment of ₹80,000.<ref name=":7">Tareekh-e-Banaaras Volume Number-001 by Syed Mazhar Hasan, p. 189 | ||
https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/tareekh-e-banaaras-volume-number-001-syed-mazhar-hasan-ebookshttps://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/tareekh-e-banaaras-volume-number-001-syed-mazhar-hasan-ebooks</ref><ref>Tuhfa-i-taza by Fakir Khairuddin Muhammad Ilahabadi, p. 36-37</ref><ref name=":7" />Later that year he attacked Machhlishahr, treacherously captured Shaikh Kabul Muhammad, and incorporated the zamindari into his dominions.<ref>Tuhfa-i-taza by Fakir Khairuddin Muhammad Ilahabadi, p. 37</ref><ref>Tareekh-e-Banaaras Volume Number-001 by Syed Mazhar Hasan, p. 190 | https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/tareekh-e-banaaras-volume-number-001-syed-mazhar-hasan-ebookshttps://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/tareekh-e-banaaras-volume-number-001-syed-mazhar-hasan-ebooks</ref><ref>Tuhfa-i-taza by Fakir Khairuddin Muhammad Ilahabadi, p. 36-37</ref><ref name=":7" />Later that year he attacked Machhlishahr, treacherously captured Shaikh Kabul Muhammad, and incorporated the zamindari into his dominions.<ref>Tuhfa-i-taza by Fakir Khairuddin Muhammad Ilahabadi, p. 37</ref><ref>Tareekh-e-Banaaras Volume Number-001 by Syed Mazhar Hasan, p. 190 | ||