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=== Family Tree of Tamkuhi Raj ===
=== Family Tree of Tamkuhi Raj ===
<pre>
{| class="wikitable"
Raja Kalyan Mal
! Ruler !! Descendants / Notes
      │
|-
Raja Khem Karan Sah
| Raja Kalyan Mal || Ancestor
      │
|-
Raja Bhup Sah
| Raja Khem Karan Sah || Son of Kalyan Mal
      │
|-
Raja Sangram Sah
| Raja Bhup Sah || Son of Khem Karan Sah
      │
|-
Raja Rudra Sah
| Raja Sangram Sah || Son of Bhup Sah
  ├── Raja Harnar Sah (d.s.p.)
|-
  │      ├── Tribhuwan Sah
| Raja Rudra Sah || Son of Sangram Sah
  │      ├── Gambhar Sah (Pakha)
|-
  │      └── Sumer Sah (Badraon)
| Raja Harnar Sah (d.s.p.) || Tribhuwan Sah; Gambhar Sah (Pakha); Sumer Sah (Badraon)
  │
|-
  ├── Raja Har Gobind Sah (d.s.p.)
| Raja Har Gobind Sah (d.s.p.) || Brijya Sah; Bhunadhar Sah; Karam Sah
  │      ├── Brijya Sah
|-
  │      ├── Bhunadhar Sah
| Raja Jit Sah (d.s.p.) || Raja Sirdar Sah; Raja Fateh Sah
  │      └── Karam Sah
|-
  │
| Raja Fateh Sah || Raja Amaradhan Sah (d.s.p.); Raja Dalmandar Sah; Raja Siamahar Sah; Raja Ran Bahadur Sah
  └── Raja Jit Sah (d.s.p.)
|-
          ├── Raja Sirdar Sah
| Raja Ran Bahadur Sah || Raja Dulip Sah = Rani Sumer Kunwer
          └── Raja Fateh Sah
|-
                  ├── Raja Amaradhan Sah (d.s.p.)
| Raja Dulip Sah || Jugal Sah (d.s.p.); Sawasti Sah (Salemgarh branch); Raja Partipat Sah; Raja Kharag Bahadur Sah; Raja Kishan Rasiah Bahadur Sah (d. 1898)
                  ├── Raja Dalmandar Sah
|-
                  ├── Raja Siamahar Sah
| Raja Kishan Rasiah Bahadur Sah || Raja Satrunjit Partab Bahadur Sah; Sarabjit Partab Bahadur Sah
                  └── Raja Ran Bahadur Sah
|-
                          ├── Raja Dulip Sah = Rani Sumer Kunwer
| Sarabjit Partab Bahadur Sah || Raja Indrajit Partab Bahadur Sah (last ruling Raja, d. 1947)
                          │      ├── Jugal Sah (d.s.p.)
|}
                          │      ├── Sawasti Sah
 
                          │      │      └── Daughter (Salemgarh branch)
                          │      ├── Raja Partipat Sah
                          │      ├── Raja Kharag Bahadur Sah
                          │      └── Raja Kishan Rasiah Bahadur Sah (d. 1898)
                          │              ├── Raja Satrunjit Partab Bahadur Sah
                          │              └── Sarabjit Partab Bahadur Sah
                          │                      └── Raja Indrajit Partab Bahadur Sah
</pre>
=== Creation of Cadet branch (Salemgarh Estate) ===
=== Creation of Cadet branch (Salemgarh Estate) ===
The [[Salemgarh|Salemgarh estate]] was indeed a collateral branch that emerged out of the Tamkuhi Raj line. After the Baghochia dynasty split into Hathwa and Tamkuhi in the late 18th century, Tamkuhi itself later gave rise to smaller cadet branches, one of which was [[Salemgarh]].
The [[Salemgarh|Salemgarh estate]] was indeed a collateral branch that emerged out of the Tamkuhi Raj line. After the Baghochia dynasty split into Hathwa and Tamkuhi in the late 18th century, Tamkuhi itself later gave rise to smaller cadet branches, one of which was [[Salemgarh]].
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=== Raja Kharag Bahadur Sahi and British Recognition ===
=== Raja Kharag Bahadur Sahi and British Recognition ===
'''Raja Kharag Bahadur Sahi''' occupies an important place in the genealogy of Tamkuhi Raj because he was the first ruler of the estate to receive '''formal recognition from the British Government'''.
[[File:RajaKharagBahadurShahi.png|thumb|384x384px|Raja Kharag bahadur shahi|left]]
[[File:RajaKharagBahadurShahi.png|center|thumb|538x538px|Raja Kharag bahadur shahi]]
'''Raja Kharag Bahadur Sahi''' occupies an important place in the genealogy of Tamkuhi Raj because he was the first ruler of the estate to receive '''formal recognition from the British Government'''.  
During the mid‑19th century, as the East India Company and later the British Crown consolidated control over eastern Uttar Pradesh, zamindari estates were required to establish their legitimacy under colonial administration. Raja Kharag Bahadur Sahi successfully secured this recognition, which meant that Tamkuhi Raj was acknowledged as a lawful estate under the '''Permanent Settlement system'''. This gave the estate legal standing, ensured its succession rights, and allowed it to continue exercising authority over its lands while paying revenue to the colonial state.
 
During the mid‑19th century, as the East India Company and later the British Crown consolidated control over eastern Uttar Pradesh, zamindari estates were required to establish their legitimacy under colonial administration.  
 
Raja Kharag Bahadur Sahi successfully secured this recognition, which meant that Tamkuhi Raj was acknowledged as a lawful estate under the '''Permanent Settlement system'''. This gave the estate legal standing, ensured its succession rights, and allowed it to continue exercising authority over its lands while paying revenue to the colonial state.
 
He married a niece of Raja Mod Narain Singh of [[Tekari Raj]] (a prominent zamindari in Bihar), strengthening kinship ties between Tamkuhi and other powerful estates.
 
 
 
 


=== Raja Krishna Pratap Bahadur Sahi (1848–1892) ===
=== Raja Krishna Pratap Bahadur Sahi (1848–1892) ===
'''Raja Krishna Pratap Bahadur Sahi''' '''(1848–1892)''' strengthened Tamkuhi’s position by expanding its influence and ensuring that its lands were securely managed under the Permanent Settlement system. This helped the estate maintain stability at a time when many smaller zamindaris were losing ground.
[[File:RajaKrishnaPratapShahi.png|thumb|325x325px|raja krishna pratap bahadur shahi]]'''Raja Krishna Pratap Bahadur Sahi''' '''(1848–1892)''' born in 1848 and ruling until his death in 1892, strengthened Tamkuhi’s position by expanding its influence and ensuring that its lands were securely managed under the Permanent Settlement system. This helped the estate maintain stability at a time when many smaller zamindaris were losing ground.
[[File:RajaKrishnaPratapShahi.png|center|thumb|462x462px|raja krishna pratap bahadur shahi]]
 
The Permanent Settlement of 1793 was a land revenue system introduced by Governor‑General Lord Cornwallis in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. It fixed land taxes permanently, recognized zamindars as landowners, and created a hereditary landed elite.
He succeeded Raja Kharrag Bahadur Shahi and governed Tamkuhi Raj until 1892. He had two sons, including Raja Shatrujit Pratap Bahadur Sahi, who succeeded him. The family had obtained recognition of their title from the British Government during his father’s time, and Krishna Pratap continued under this framework.
 


=== Raja Shatrujit Pratap Bahadur Sahi ===
=== Raja Shatrujit Pratap Bahadur Sahi ===
'''Raja Shatrujit Pratap Bahadur Sahi (1864–1898)''' was the successor to Raja Krishna Pratap Bahadur Sahi and ruled Tamkuhi Raj during the late 19th century. Born on '''27 July 1864''', he was educated at '''Colvin Taluqdars’ College in Lucknow''', one of the premier institutions for aristocratic families under British rule. His reign reflected the growing influence of colonial administration on zamindari estates, as Tamkuhi Raj was increasingly integrated into the British system of recognized landholdings.
[[File:RajaShatrujitPratapShahi.png|thumb|334x334px|Raja Satrujit Pratap Sahi|left]]'''Raja Shatrujit Pratap Bahadur Sahi (1864–1898)''' was the successor to Raja Krishna Pratap Bahadur Sahi and ruled Tamkuhi Raj during the late 19th century. Born on '''27 July 1864''', he was educated at '''Colvin Taluqdars’ College in Lucknow''', one of the premier institutions for aristocratic families under British rule.  
[[File:RajaShatrujitPratapShahi.png|center|thumb|468x468px|Raja Satrujit Pratap Sahi]]
Raja '''Satrutjit Pratap Bahadur Sahi''' of Tamkuhi Raj, Gorakhpur District, was among the distinguished Indian dignitaries appointed to the '''General Committee of the Indian Famine Charitable Relief Fund''', formed under the patronage of '''Queen Victoria''' and presided over by '''The Earl of Elgin''', Viceroy and Governor‑General of India. His inclusion alongside eminent rulers such as Maharaja Prabhu Narayan Singh of Benares
 
His reign reflected the growing influence of colonial administration on zamindari estates, as Tamkuhi Raj was increasingly integrated into the British system of recognized landholdings. Pandit Deepraj Tiwar'''i''' was a famous ''dhrupad'' singer of Tamkuhi Raj. Pandit Baburam Tiwari, was also a court singer of the Raj. He often told stories about “Chhote Sarkar” (Late Sarvjeet Pratap Bahadur Shahi)  praising his generosity, deep knowledge of art and scholarship.


=== Raja Indrajit Pratap Bahadur Sahi ===
=== Raja Indrajit Pratap Bahadur Sahi ===
'''Raja Indrajit Pratap Bahadur Sahi (1892–1947)''' was one of the most influential modern rulers of '''Tamkuhi Raj'''. Born on '''16 October 1892''', he succeeded Raja Shatrujit Pratap Bahadur Sahi in '''1898''' after Shatrujit’s early death. Indrajit’s reign marked a turning point in the estate’s history, as he combined traditional Bhumihar authority with reformist initiatives under British colonial oversight. He died '''without heir'''.
[[File:RajaIndrajitPratapShahi.png|thumb|371x371px|Raja Indrajit pratap bahadur shahi]]'''Raja Indrajit Pratap Bahadur Sahi (1892–1947)''' was one of the most influential modern rulers of '''Tamkuhi Raj'''. Born on '''16 October 1892''', he succeeded Raja Shatrujit Pratap Bahadur Sahi in '''1898''' after Shatrujit’s early death. Indrajit’s reign marked a turning point in the estate’s history, as he combined traditional Bhumihar authority with reformist initiatives under British colonial oversight. He died '''without heir'''.
[[File:RajaIndrajitPratapShahi.png|center|thumb|520x520px|Raja Indrajeet pratap bahadur shahi]]


Key Contributions:
Key Contributions:
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* '''Political Engagement:''' Indrajit was associated with the '''Hindu Mahasabha''', reflecting his role in broader nationalist and cultural movements of the early 20th century.
* '''Political Engagement:''' Indrajit was associated with the '''Hindu Mahasabha''', reflecting his role in broader nationalist and cultural movements of the early 20th century.
* '''Colonial Recognition:''' He held the position of ''Honorary Magistrate of the 3rd Class'', which symbolized his estate’s integration into the British administrative framework while retaining local prestige.
* '''Colonial Recognition:''' He held the position of ''Honorary Magistrate of the 3rd Class'', which symbolized his estate’s integration into the British administrative framework while retaining local prestige.
[[File:RajaIndrajitPratapShahi3.png|center|thumb|461x461px|Raja Indrajeet pratap bahadur shahi]]
[[File:RajaIndrajitPratapShahi3.png|thumb|330x330px|Raja Indrajit pratap bahadur shahi]]
Indrajit Pratap Bahadur Sahi’s death on '''12 June 1947''', just weeks before India’s independence, closed an era in which Tamkuhi Raj had been both a traditional zamindari and a modernizing estate.  
Indrajit Pratap Bahadur Sahi’s death on '''12 June 1947''', just weeks before India’s independence, closed an era in which Tamkuhi Raj had been both a traditional zamindari and a modernizing estate.  


[[File:RajaIndrajitPratapShahi2.png|thumb|461x461px|Raja Indrajeet pratap bahadur shahi|center]]
[[File:RajaIndrajitPratapShahi2.png|thumb|329x329px|Raja Indrajit pratap bahadur shahi]]
His successors Kunwar Chatrapati Bahadur Sahi (d. 1949) and Raja Jitendra Pratap Bahadur Sahi (d. 1956) carried the estate into the post‑colonial period, but Indrajit remains remembered as the '''last great reformist Raja of Tamkuhi Raj'''.
His successors Kunwar Chatrapati Bahadur Sahi (d. 1949) and Raja Jitendra Pratap Bahadur Sahi (d. 1956) carried the estate into the post‑colonial period, but Indrajit remains remembered as the '''last great reformist Raja of Tamkuhi Raj'''.


[[File:RajaIndrajitShahi5.png|center|thumb|450x450px|Raja Indrajeet pratap bahadur shahi on Royal Hunt]]
[[File:RajaIndrajitShahi5.png|center|thumb|450x450px|Raja Indrajeet pratap bahadur shahi on Royal Hunt]]


* '''Indrajit Pratap Bahadur Shahi:''' Last ruling Raja (died 1947, no heir).
[[File:RajaIndrajirPratapShahi4.png|thumb|314x314px|Raja Indrajit Pratap Bahadur shahi]]
* '''Post‑1947:''' Estate transitioned to trusteeship and later state control.
[[File:RajaIndrajeetShahiPhoto.png|thumb|Raja Indrajit Pratap Bahadur Shahi]]
* '''Post‑1952:''' Title continued ceremonially under the [[Hathwa Raj|Hathwa]]–Tamkuhi lineage, with '''Maheshwar Pratap Shahi''' as symbolic successor.
Raja '''Indrajit Pratap Bahadur Shahi''' was the '''last ruling Raja of Tamkuhi Raj''', who died in 1947 without leaving a direct heir. His death marked the end of Tamkuhi Raj’s active zamindari authority, as the estate was subsequently placed under trusteeship and gradually absorbed into state control during the early years of independent India. With the passing of the '''Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition Act in 1952''', the proprietary rights of the estate were formally dissolved, ending centuries of hereditary rule by the dynasty. However, the princely title of Raja continued ceremonially, upheld as a matter of lineage and tradition rather than political power. In this symbolic capacity, the succession was carried forward under the [[Hathwa Raj|Hathwa]]'''–Tamkuhi lineage''', with '''Maheshwar Pratap Shahi''' recognized as the titular successor. Even though the estate no longer held administrative authority, the family retained cultural prestige, continuing to be associated with patronage of music, wrestling, and literature, as well as maintaining kinship ties with other zamindari houses such as Hathwa, Majhauli, and Tikari.
 
Thus, Indrajit Pratap Bahadur Shahi’s death in 1947 represents both the '''end of Tamkuhi Raj’s political sovereignty''' and the '''beginning of its transformation into a ceremonial legacy''', remembered today for its contributions to regional culture and aristocratic heritage.
[[File:IndrajeetShahiHunting1.png|center|thumb|450x450px|Raja Indrajit Pratap Bahadur Shahi, known for his deep passion for hunting.]]
 
 
Indrajit Pratap Bahadur Shahi frequently organized hunting expeditions across the forests and riverine tracts of Kushinagar and Gorakhpur, where game such as deer, wild boar, and occasionally tigers were pursued. These hunts were often conducted with elaborate preparation, involving retainers, trained hounds, and traditional weaponry, and they became important social occasions that reinforced his stature among local nobility and British officials. His keen interest in hunting was matched by his appreciation for physical prowess, which aligned with Tamkuhi Raj’s broader patronage of wrestling and martial traditions. Even as the estate’s political authority waned in the mid‑20th century, Raja Indrajit’s reputation as a skilled hunter endured, symbolizing the Raj’s aristocratic lifestyle and its blend of martial valor with cultural patronage.
 


[[File:RajaIndrajirPratapShahi4.png|center|thumb|440x440px|Raja Indrajit Pratap Bahadur shahi]]


== Economic and Administrative Records ==
== Economic and Administrative Records ==
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=== Education (Schools, Fateh Memorial Inter College) ===
=== Education (Schools, Fateh Memorial Inter College) ===
[[File:School.png|thumb|350x350px|Raja Indrajeet Memorial Vidhya Acamdemy|left]]
Education was one of the most enduring contributions of '''Tamkuhi Raj''', particularly under '''Raja Indrajit Pratap Bahadur Sahi'''. He made '''compulsory education''' a priority, establishing rural schools across the estate to improve literacy among villagers. By the early 20th century, Tamkuhi had '''30 lulkabundee schools and one tehsili school''', reflecting a strong commitment to grassroots learning.
Education was one of the most enduring contributions of '''Tamkuhi Raj''', particularly under '''Raja Indrajit Pratap Bahadur Sahi'''. He made '''compulsory education''' a priority, establishing rural schools across the estate to improve literacy among villagers. By the early 20th century, Tamkuhi had '''30 lulkabundee schools and one tehsili school''', reflecting a strong commitment to grassroots learning.


A landmark institution was the '''Fateh Memorial Inter College''', founded with estate support to provide higher education opportunities in the region. This college became a center for modern learning, bridging traditional values with contemporary curricula, and producing graduates who contributed to local administration, teaching, and public service.
A landmark institution was the '''Fateh Memorial Inter College''', founded with estate support to provide higher education opportunities in the region. This college became a center for modern learning, bridging traditional values with contemporary curricula, and producing graduates who contributed to local administration, teaching, and public service.


Raja Indrajit Pratap Bahadur Sahi’s '''donations''' were substantial and reflected his vision of modernization through education and welfare. He contributed '''₹5,000''' a significant sum in the early 20th century to establish and sustain institutions like the '''Brahmin School''' for Sanskrit learning and the '''Fateh Memorial Inter College''' for higher education. He also funded a '''public library''' and supported '''vernacular schools''', ensuring access to both traditional and modern knowledge.
Raja Indrajit Pratap Bahadur Sahi’s '''donations''' were substantial and reflected his vision of modernization through education and welfare. He contributed '''₹5,000''' a significant sum in the early 20th century to establish and sustain institutions like the '''Brahmin School''' for Sanskrit learning and the '''Fateh Memorial Inter College''' for higher education. He also funded a '''public library''' and supported '''vernacular schools''', ensuring access to both traditional and modern knowledge.
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=== Dussehra Cattle Fair and Festivals ===
=== Dussehra Cattle Fair and Festivals ===
Tamkuhi Raj’s cultural life was enriched by its '''annual Dussehra cattle fair''', one of the largest rural gatherings in the Gorakhpur–Kushinagar region. Thousands of villagers and traders assembled to buy and sell cattle, horses, and agricultural goods, making it both an economic and social highlight. The fair was accompanied by '''religious festivities''', including Ramlila performances, temple rituals, and community feasts, reinforcing Tamkuhi’s role as a cultural hub.
[[File:ShivMandir.png|thumb|395x395px|Tamkuhi Raj Shiv Temple]]
Tamkuhi Raj’s cultural life was enriched by its '''annual Dussehra cattle fair''', one of the largest rural gatherings in the Gorakhpur–Kushinagar region. Thousands of villagers and traders assembled to buy and sell cattle, horses, and agricultural goods, making it both an economic and social highlight. The fair was accompanied by '''religious festivities''', including Ramlila performances, temple rituals, and community feasts, reinforcing Tamkuhi’s role as a cultural hub. Maharaja Ranbahadur Shahi organized the first Dussehra Mela and Ramlila at Tamkuhi Raj in 1821, establishing a tradition that generations have continued. During the reign of King Indrajit Pratap Shahi, Dussehra celebrations included a month‑long fair of animals. King Khagendra Pratap Shahi also upheld this practice.
 
Today, King Maheshwar Pratap Shahi maintains the legacy by organizing the royal Ravana Dahan, procession, and Ramlila. On the occasion of Dussehra at Tamkuhi Estate, preparations for the Ravana Dahan program were completed. The procession begins at 3 pm, featuring a huge effigy of Ravana along with tableaux of Lord Shri Ram, Lakshman, Sita, and Hanuman. Members of the royal court, riding elephants and horses with bandwagon, tour the entire Tamkuhi Raj town before reaching Ramlila Maidan at 5 pm. There, the Ram‑Ravana war is staged live on the platform, followed by the Ravana Dahan in the evening.


Beyond Dussehra, the estate supported '''seasonal festivals''' such as Holi, Diwali, and Makar Sankranti, often funding public celebrations and ensuring inclusive participation. These events blended '''commerce, devotion, and social bonding''', leaving a legacy where Tamkuhi Raj was remembered not only for its zamindari authority but also for its vibrant '''festival culture and rural economy'''.
Beyond Dussehra, the estate supported '''seasonal festivals''' such as Holi, Diwali, and Makar Sankranti, often funding public celebrations and ensuring inclusive participation. These events blended '''commerce, devotion, and social bonding''', leaving a legacy where Tamkuhi Raj was remembered not only for its zamindari authority but also for its vibrant '''festival culture and rural economy'''.
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=== Kodai Rai ===
=== Kodai Rai ===
Tamkuhi Raj’s rulers often acknowledged the role of '''estate administrators and officials''' who ensured smooth governance and welfare delivery. Among them, '''Babu Kodai Rai''' stands out as a respected figure remembered for his dedication to estate management and public service.[[File:BabuKodaiRai1.png|thumb|203x203px|Babu Kodai Rai|left]]


Tamkuhi Raj’s rulers often acknowledged the role of '''estate administrators and officials''' who ensured smooth governance and welfare delivery. Among them, '''Babu Kodai Rai''' stands out as a respected figure remembered for his dedication to estate management and public service. He was honored by the Raja and local community for his integrity, efficiency, and contributions to education and civic projects.[[File:BabuKodaiRai1.png|thumb|351x351px|Babu Kodai Rai|center]]Babu kodai Rai was the '''first private secretary''' to Raja Indrajit Pratap Bahadur Sahi.
He was honored by the Raja and local community for his integrity, efficiency, and contributions to education and civic projects. Babu kodai Rai was the '''first private secretary''' to Raja Indrajit Pratap Bahadur Sahi.
[[File:BabuKodaiRai2.png|thumb|353x353px|Babu Kodai Rai|center]]
[[File:BabuKodaiRai2.png|thumb|203x203px|Babu Kodai Rai|left]]




=== Relations with Banaras, Bettiah, and other estates ===
He was praised for his honesty, efficiency, and dedication to education and public welfare. The passage also highlights how Tamkuhi Raj maintained '''close relations with Banaras, Bettiah, Gorakhpur, and other estates''', which strengthened cultural and administrative ties. These connections were important in zamindars’ associations, district boards, and councils, where Tamkuhi Raj had representation and influence.
 
 
He was praised for his honesty, efficiency, and dedication to education and public welfare. The passage also highlights how Tamkuhi Raj maintained '''close relations with Banaras, Bettiah, Gorakhpur, and other estates''', which strengthened cultural and administrative ties. These connections were important in zamindars’ associations, district boards, and councils, where Tamkuhi Raj had representation and influence.
 
the text emphasizes that '''Kodai Rai was a trusted administrator and reform‑minded figure''', while Tamkuhi Raj itself was actively engaged in wider networks of aristocratic cooperation and governance under colonial rule.
 
 
 
== Relations with Banaras, Bettiah, and other estates ==
Tamkuhi Raj maintained '''close ties with neighboring estates''' such as '''Banaras, Bettiah, and Gorakhpur''', reflecting both political alliances and cultural exchange. Raja Indrajit Pratap Bahadur Sahi often collaborated with these estates in '''zamindars’ associations, district boards, and legislative councils''', strengthening collective representation under colonial administration.
Tamkuhi Raj maintained '''close ties with neighboring estates''' such as '''Banaras, Bettiah, and Gorakhpur''', reflecting both political alliances and cultural exchange. Raja Indrajit Pratap Bahadur Sahi often collaborated with these estates in '''zamindars’ associations, district boards, and legislative councils''', strengthening collective representation under colonial administration.


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=== Tamkuhi Raj Old Palace ===
=== Tamkuhi Raj Old Palace ===
<gallery mode="slideshow" widths="250" heights="200">
<gallery mode="slideshow" widths="250" heights="200">
File:TamkuliRajOldPalace.png|Tamkuhi Raj Old Palace
File:TamkuliRajOldPalace.png
File:OldTamkuhiPalace.png|Historic palace ruins
File:OldTamkuhiPalace.png
File:OldPalaceTamkuhiRaj.png|Interior of the old palace
File:OldPalaceTamkuhiRaj.png
</gallery>
</gallery>
== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
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